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NEW QUESTION # 44
Following a repotted event, an Information security event ticket has been completed and its priority has been assigned. Then, the event has been evaluated to determine If it is an information security incident, which phase of the incident management has been completed?
- A. initial assessment and decision
- B. Detection and reporting
- C. Evaluation and confirmation
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 45
Which tool is used to identify, analyze, and manage interested parties?
- A. The probability/impact matrix
- B. The likelihood/severity matrix
- C. The power/interest matrix
Answer: C
Explanation:
The power/interest matrix is a tool that can be used to identify, analyze, and manage interested parties according to ISO/IEC 27001:2022. The power/interest matrix is a two-dimensional diagram that plots the level of power and interest of each interested party in relation to the organization's information security objectives. The power/interest matrix can help the organization to prioritize the interested parties, understand their expectations and needs, and develop appropriate communication and engagement strategies. The power
/interest matrix can also help the organization to identify potential risks and opportunities related to the interested parties.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 4.2; PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 4, slide 12.
NEW QUESTION # 46
Scenario 5: Operaze is a small software development company that develops applications for various companies around the world. Recently, the company conducted a risk assessment to assess the information security risks that could arise from operating in a digital landscape. Using different testing methods, including penetration Resting and code review, the company identified some issues in its ICT systems, including improper user permissions, misconfigured security settings, and insecure network configurations. To resolve these issues and enhance information security, Operaze decided to implement an information security management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001.
Considering that Operaze is a small company, the entire IT team was involved in the ISMS implementation project. Initially, the company analyzed the business requirements and the internal and external environment, identified its key processes and activities, and identified and analyzed the interested parties In addition, the top management of Operaze decided to Include most of the company's departments within the ISMS scope.
The defined scope included the organizational and physical boundaries. The IT team drafted an information security policy and communicated it to all relevant interested parties In addition, other specific policies were developed to elaborate on security issues and the roles and responsibilities were assigned to all interested parties.
Following that, the HR manager claimed that the paperwork created by ISMS does not justify its value and the implementation of the ISMS should be canceled However, the top management determined that this claim was invalid and organized an awareness session to explain the benefits of the ISMS to all interested parties.
Operaze decided to migrate Its physical servers to their virtual servers on third-party infrastructure. The new cloud computing solution brought additional changes to the company Operaze's top management, on the other hand, aimed to not only implement an effective ISMS but also ensure the smooth running of the ISMS operations. In this situation, Operaze's top management concluded that the services of external experts were required to implement their information security strategies. The IT team, on the other hand, decided to initiate a change in the ISMS scope and implemented the required modifications to the processes of the company.
What is the next step that Operaze's ISMS implementation team should take after drafting the information security policy? Refer to scenario 5.
- A. Implement the information security policy
- B. Obtain top management's approval for the information security policy
- C. Communicate the information security policy to all employees
Answer: B
Explanation:
According to ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer, the information security policy is a high-level document that defines the organization's objectives, principles, and commitments regarding information security. The policy should be aligned with the organization's strategic direction and context, and should provide a framework for setting information security objectives and establishing the ISMS. The policy should also be approved by top management, who are ultimately responsible for the ISMS and its performance.
Therefore, after drafting the information security policy, the next step that Operaze's ISMS implementation team should take is to obtain top management's approval for the policy. This will ensure that the policy is consistent with the organization's vision and values, and that it has the necessary support and resources for its implementation and maintenance.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer Study guide and documents, section 5.2 Policy
* ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer Info Kit, page 12, Information security policy
NEW QUESTION # 47
Org Y. a well-known bank, uses an online banking platform that enables clients to easily and securely access their bank accounts.
To log in. clients are required to enter the one-time authorization code sent to their smartphone.
What can be concluded from this scenario?
- A. Org Y has implemented a security control that ensures the confidentiality of information
- B. Org Y has incorrectly implemented a security control that could become a vulnerability
- C. Org Y has implemented an integrity control that avoids the involuntary corruption of data
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 48
A small organization that is implementing an ISMS based on ISO/lEC 27001 has decided to outsource the internal audit function to a third party. Is this acceptable?
- A. No, the outsourcing of the internal audit function may compromise the independence and impartiality of the internal audit team
- B. Yes, outsourcing the internal audit function to a third party is often a better option for small organizations to demonstrate independence and impartiality
- C. No, the organizations cannot outsource the internal audit function to a third party because during internal audit, the organization audits its own system
Answer: B
Explanation:
According to the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard, an internal audit is an audit conducted by the organization itself to evaluate the conformity and effectiveness of its information security management system (ISMS).
The standard requires that the internal audit should be performed by auditors who are objective and impartial, meaning that they should not have any personal or professional interest or bias that could influence their judgment or compromise their integrity. The standard also allows the organization to outsource the internal audit function to a third party, as long as the criteria of objectivity and impartiality are met.
Outsourcing the internal audit function to a third party can be a better option for small organizations that may not have enough resources, skills, or experience to perform an internal audit by themselves. By hiring an external auditor, the organization can benefit from the following advantages:
* The external auditor can provide a fresh and independent perspective on the organization's ISMS, identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that may not be apparent to the internal staff.
* The external auditor can bring in specialized knowledge, expertise, and best practices from other organizations and industries, helping the organization to improve its ISMS and achieve its objectives.
* The external auditor can reduce the risk of conflict of interest, bias, or influence that may arise when the internal staff audit their own work or the work of their colleagues.
* The external auditor can save the organization time and money by conducting the internal audit more efficiently and effectively, avoiding duplication of work or unnecessary delays.
Therefore, outsourcing the internal audit function to a third party is acceptable and often preferable for small organizations that are implementing an ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, Clause 9.2, Internal audit
* ISO/IEC 27007:2023, Information technology - Security techniques - Guidelines for information security management systems auditing
* PECB, ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 12, Internal audit
* A Complete Guide to an ISO 27001 Internal Audit - Sprinto
NEW QUESTION # 49
An organization has adopted a new authentication method to ensure secure access to sensitive areas and facilities of the company. It requires every employee to use a two-factor authentication (password and QR code). This control has been documented, standardized, and communicated to all employees, however its use has been "left to individual initiative, and it is likely that failures can be detected. Which level of maturity does this control refer to?
- A. Optimized
- B. Defined
- C. Quantitatively managed
Answer: B
Explanation:
According to the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer objectives and content, the maturity levels of information security controls are based on the ISO/IEC 15504standard, which defines five levels of process capability: incomplete, performed, managed, established, and optimized1. Each level has a set of attributes that describe the characteristics of the process at that level. The level of defined corresponds to the attribute of process performance, which means that the process achieves its expected outcomes2. In this case, the control of two-factor authentication has been documented, standardized, and communicated, which implies that it has a clear purpose andexpected outcomes. However, the control is not consistently implemented, monitored, or measured, which means that it does not meet the attributes of the higher levels of managed, established, or optimized. Therefore, the control is at the level of defined, which is the second level of maturity.
References:
* 1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Course Brochure, page 5
* 2: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Course Presentation, slide 25
NEW QUESTION # 50
Based on scenario 5. Socket Inc. decided to assign users lo a separate network when accessing cloud storage tiles. What does this ensure?
- A. Elimination of risks related to the use of cloud storage services
- B. Belter security when using cloud storage files
- C. Creation of backup copies of files
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 51
Which approach should organizations use to implement an ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001?
- A. Any approach that enables the ISMS implementation within the 12month period
- B. Only the approach provided by the standard
- C. An approach that is suitable for organization's scope
Answer: C
Explanation:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 does not prescribe a specific approach for implementing an ISMS, but rather provides a set of requirements and guidelines that can be adapted to the organization's context, scope, and objectives.
Therefore, organizations can use any approach that is suitable for their scope, as long as it meets the requirements of the standard and enables the achievement of the intended outcomes of the ISMS. The approach should also consider the needs and expectations of the interested parties, the risks and opportunities related to information security, and the legal and regulatory obligations of the organization.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 4.1; PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 4, slide 9.
NEW QUESTION # 52
Upon the risk assessment outcomes. Socket Inc. decided to:
* Require the use of passwords with at least 12 characters containing uppercase and lowercase letters, symbols, and numbers
* Require the change of passwords at least once every 60 days
* Keep backup copies of files on IT-provided network drives
* Assign users to a separate network when they have access to cloud storage files storing customers' personal data.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
Which of the following options indicate that Socket Inc. used risk modification to treat risks?
- A. Storing customers' personal data in a cloud-based storage
- B. Conducting a risk assessment before deciding to use third-party services
- C. Requiring the change of passwords at least once every 60 days
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 53
Scenario 4: TradeB. a commercial bank that has just entered the market, accepts deposits from its clients and offers basic financial services and loans for investments. TradeB has decided to implement an information security management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 Having no experience of a management
[^system implementation, TradeB's top management contracted two experts to direct and manage the ISMS implementation project.
First, the project team analyzed the 93 controls of ISO/IEC 27001 Annex A and listed only the security controls deemed applicable to the company and their objectives Based on this analysis, they drafted the Statement of Applicability. Afterward, they conducted a risk assessment, during which they identified assets, such as hardware, software, and networks, as well as threats and vulnerabilities, assessed potential consequences and likelihood, and determined the level of risks based on three nonnumerical categories (low, medium, and high). They evaluated the risks based on the risk evaluation criteria and decided to treat only the high risk category They also decided to focus primarily on the unauthorized use of administrator rights and system interruptions due to several hardware failures by establishing a new version of the access control policy, implementing controls to manage and control user access, and implementing a control for ICT readiness for business continuity Lastly, they drafted a risk assessment report, in which they wrote that if after the implementation of these security controls the level of risk is below the acceptable level, the risks will be accepted Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
The decision to treat only risks that were classified as high indicates that Trade B has:
- A. Modified other risk categories based on risk evaluation criteria
- B. Accepted other risk categories based on risk acceptance criteria
- C. Evaluated other risk categories based on risk treatment criteria
Answer: B
Explanation:
According to ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022, risk acceptance criteria are the criteria used to decide whether a risk can be accepted or not1. Risk acceptance criteria are often based on a maximum level of acceptable risks, on cost- benefits considerations, or on consequences for the organization2. In the scenario, TradeB decided to treat only the high risk category, which implies that
NEW QUESTION # 54
Based on scenario 9. the top management decided to accept the risk related to a nonconformity to control 5.17 Authentication informal ion. is this acceptable?
- A. Acceptable, the company analyzed the implementation costs and accepted the risk
- B. Unacceptable, the company should have provided justification for accepting the risks and documented it
- C. Acceptable, as the company properly informed the internal audit that they decided to accept the risk
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 55
Scenario 7: InfoSec is a multinational corporation headquartered in Boston, MA, which provides professional electronics, gaming, and entertainment services. After facing numerous information security incidents, InfoSec has decided to establish teams and implement measures to prevent potential incidents in the future Emma, Bob. and Anna were hired as the new members of InfoSec's information security team, which consists of a security architecture team, an incident response team (IRT) and a forensics team Emma's job is to create information security plans, policies, protocols, and training to prepare InfoSec to respond to incidents effectively Emma and Bob would be full-time employees of InfoSec, whereas Anna was contracted as an external consultant.
Bob, a network expert, will deploy a screened subnet network architecture This architecture will isolate the demilitarized zone (OMZ) to which hosted public services are attached and InfoSec's publicly accessible resources from their private network Thus, InfoSec will be able to block potential attackers from causing unwanted events inside the company's network. Bob is also responsible for ensuring that a thorough evaluation of the nature of an unexpected event is conducted, including the details on how the event happened and what or whom it might affect.
Anna will create records of the data, reviews, analysis, and reports in order to keep evidence for the purpose of disciplinary and legal action, and use them to prevent future incidents. To do the work accordingly, she should be aware of the company's information security incident management policy beforehand Among others, this policy specifies the type of records to be created, the place where they should be kept, and the format and content that specific record types should have.
Based on this scenario, answer the following question:
Based on his tasks, which team is Bob part of?
- A. Security architecture team
- B. Incident response team
- C. Forensics team
Answer: B
Explanation:
Based on his tasks, Bob is part of the incident response team (IRT) of InfoSec. According to ISO/IEC 27035-
2:2023, the IRT is a team of appropriately skilled and trusted members of an organization that responds to and resolves incidents in a coordinated way1. One of the tasks of the IRT is to conduct an evaluation of the nature of an unexpected event, including the details on how the event happened and what or whom it might affect1.
This is consistent with Bob's responsibility of ensuring that a thorough evaluation of the nature of an unexpected event is conducted. Therefore, Bob belongs to the incident response team.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27035-2:2023 (en), Information technology - Information security incident management - Part 2: Guidelines to plan and prepare for incident response1
* Response to Information Security Incidents | ISMS.online2
NEW QUESTION # 56
Scenario 2: Beauty is a cosmetics company that has recently switched to an e-commerce model, leaving the traditional retail. The top management has decided to build their own custom platform in-house and outsource the payment process to an external provider operating online payments systems that support online money transfers.
Due to this transformation of the business model, a number of security controls were implemented based on the identified threats and vulnerabilities associated to critical assets. To protect customers' information.
Beauty's employees had to sign a confidentiality agreement. In addition, the company reviewed all user access rights so that only authorized personnel can have access to sensitive files and drafted a new segregation of duties chart.
However, the transition was difficult for the IT team, who had to deal with a security incident not long after transitioning to the e commerce model. After investigating the incident, the team concluded that due to the out- of-date anti-malware software, an attacker gamed access to their files and exposed customers' information, including their names and home addresses.
The IT team decided to stop using the old anti-malware software and install a new one which would automatically remove malicious code in case of similar incidents. The new software was installed in every workstation within the company. After installing the new software, the team updated it with the latest malware definitions and enabled the automatic update feature to keep it up to date at all times. Additionally, they established an authentication process that requires a user identification and password when accessing sensitive information.
In addition, Beauty conducted a number of information security awareness sessions for the IT team and other employees that have access to confidential information in order to raise awareness on the importance of system and network security.
Based on scenario 2, which information security principle is the IT team aiming to ensure by establishing a user authentication process that requires user identification and password when accessing sensitive information?
- A. Availability
- B. Integrity
- C. Confidentiality
Answer: C
Explanation:
Confidentiality is one of the three information security principles, along with integrity and availability, that form the CIA triad. Confidentiality means protecting information from unauthorized access or disclosure, and ensuring that only those who are authorized to view or use it can do so. Confidentiality is essential for preserving the privacy and trust of the information owners, such as customers, employees, or business partners.
The IT team of Beauty is aiming to ensure confidentiality by establishing a user authentication process that requires user identification and password when accessing sensitive information. User authentication is a security control that verifies the identity and credentials of the users who attempt to access a system or network, and grants or denies them access based on their authorization level. User authentication helps to prevent unauthorized users, such as hackers, competitors, or malicious insiders, from accessing confidential information that they are not supposed to see or use. User authentication also helps to create an audit trail that records who accessed what information and when, which can be useful for accountability and compliance purposes.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Course Guide1
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Info Kit2
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information Security Management Systems - Requirements3
* ISO/IEC 27002:2022 Code of Practice for Information Security Controls
* What is Information Security | Policy, Principles & Threats | Imperva1
* What is information security? Definition, principles, and jobs2
* What is Information Security? Principles, Types - KnowledgeHut3
NEW QUESTION # 57
Who should verily the effectiveness of the corrective actions taken by the auditee after an internal audit?
- A. The internal auditor
- B. An Independent auditor should be contracted to perform this evaluation
- C. The information security manager
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 58
Scenario 7: InfoSec is a multinational corporation headquartered in Boston, MA, which provides professional electronics, gaming, and entertainment services. After facing numerous information security incidents, InfoSec has decided to establish teams and implement measures to prevent potential incidents in the future Emma, Bob. and Anna were hired as the new members of InfoSec's information security team, which consists of a security architecture team, an incident response team (IRT) and a forensics team Emma's job is to create information security plans, policies, protocols, and training to prepare InfoSec to respond to incidents effectively Emma and Bob would be full-time employees of InfoSec, whereas Anna was contracted as an external consultant.
Bob, a network expert, will deploy a screened subnet network architecture This architecture will isolate the demilitarized zone (OMZ) to which hosted public services are attached and InfoSec's publicly accessible resources from their private network Thus, InfoSec will be able to block potential attackers from causing unwanted events inside the company's network. Bob is also responsible for ensuring that a thorough evaluation of the nature of an unexpected event is conducted, including the details on how the event happened and what or whom it might affect.
Anna will create records of the data, reviews, analysis, and reports in order to keep evidence for the purpose of disciplinary and legal action, and use them to prevent future incidents. To do the work accordingly, she should be aware of the company's information security incident management policy beforehand Among others, this policy specifies the type of records to be created, the place where they should be kept, and the format and content that specific record types should have.
Based on scenario 7. InfoSec contracted Anna as an external consultant. Based on her tasks, is this action compliant with ISO/IEC 27001°
- A. Yes, organizations must use external consultants for forensic investigation, as required by the standard
- B. Yes, forensic investigation may be conducted internally or by using external consultants
- C. No, the skills of incident response or forensic analysis shall be developed internally
Answer: B
Explanation:
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 8.2.3, the organization shall establish and maintain an incident response process that includes the following activities:
* a) planning and preparing for incident response, including defining roles and responsibilities, establishing communication channels, and providing training and awareness;
* b) detecting and reporting information security events and weaknesses;
* c) assessing and deciding on information security incidents;
* d) responding to information security incidents according to predefined procedures;
* e) learning from information security incidents, including identifying root causes, taking corrective actions, and improving the incident response process;
* f) collecting evidence, where applicable.
The standard does not specify whether the incident response process should be performed internally or externally, as long as the organization ensures that the process is effective and meets the information security objectives. Therefore, the organization may decide to use external consultants for forensic investigation, as long as they comply with the organization's policies and procedures, and protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the information involved.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 8.2.3; PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Study Guide, section 8.2.3.
NEW QUESTION # 59
Which situation described in scenario 2 Indicates service unavailability?
- A. Lucas was no! able to access the website with his credentials
- B. Attackers still had access to the data when Solena delivered a press release
- C. Lucas was asked to change his password weekly
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 60
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