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NEW QUESTION # 32
What is the lead time for a particular step in a value stream?
Choose the correct option from below list
- A. Time taken to complete a task at a particular step
- B. step to work completion
- C. Time from when the work is ready from the previous
- D. Process time at a particular step
- E. Waiting time at a particular step
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The lead time for a particular step in a value stream is the time from when the work is ready from the previous step to work completion. It includes both the process time and the wait time at that step. Lead time is an important metric to measure the efficiency and flow of a value stream, as it indicates how long it takes for a unit of work to move through a step. Reducing lead time can help eliminate waste, improve throughput, and increase customer satisfaction1
NEW QUESTION # 33
What is one aspect of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline?
- A. Continuous Experimentation
- B. Continuous Integration
- C. Continuous Security
- D. Continuous Delivery
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
One aspect of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline is Continuous Integration. Continuous Integration (CI) is the practice of merging all development versions of a code base several times a day and verifying them with automated tests. CI helps to improve the quality and consistency of the code, and to accelerate the delivery and deployment of new functionality. CI is the second aspect in the four-part Continuous Delivery Pipeline of Continuous Exploration (CE), Continuous Integration (CI), Continuous Deployment (CD), and Release on Demand. CI consists of four activities: develop, build, test end-to-end, and stage12
NEW QUESTION # 34
What is one of the top advantages of mapping the current state of the delivery pipeline?
- A. To help identify and make short-term fixes
- B. To identify some of the processes within the delivery pipeline
- C. To achieve a collective understanding and consensus around problems
- D. To help with incremental software delivery
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
According to the SAFe DevOps Practitioner 6.0 study guide1, one of the top advantages of mapping the current state of the delivery pipeline is to achieve a collective understanding and consensus around problems.
Mapping the current state of the delivery pipeline is a technique that helps teams visualize and analyze their current processes, practices, and performance. Mapping the current state of the delivery pipeline enables teams to identify pain points, inefficiencies, and opportunities for improvement. Mapping the current state of the delivery pipeline also fosters collaboration, communication, and alignment among team members and stakeholders. By mapping the current state of the delivery pipeline, teams can gain a shared vision of their current situation, challenges, and goals. This can help them to reach a collective understanding and consensus around problems that need to be solved or opportunities that need to be pursued. Therefore, mapping the current state of the delivery pipeline is an advantage that can improve team cohesion and decision making.
NEW QUESTION # 35
Which DevOps principle focuses on identifying and eliminating bottlenecks in the Continuous Delivery Pipeline?
- A. Lean flow
- B. Automation
- C. Recovery
- D. Measurement
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Lean flow is the DevOps principle that focuses on identifying and eliminating bottlenecks in the Continuous Delivery Pipeline. Lean flow is the application of Lean thinking and principles to optimize the flow of value from ideation to delivery. Lean flow aims to reduce waste, increase efficiency, and deliver value faster and more reliably. Lean flow involves the following practices:
Reducing batch size - Breaking down large batches of work into smaller, more manageable pieces that can be delivered more frequently and with less risk.
Limiting work in progress (WIP) - Restricting the amount of work that can be started or in flight at any given time, to avoid overloading the system and creating queues and delays.
Implementing pull systems - Aligning the production and consumption of work by allowing downstream customers to pull work from upstream suppliers when they are ready, rather than pushing work based on forecasts or schedules.
Managing queue lengths - Monitoring and controlling the amount of work waiting to be processed at each stage of the value stream, to reduce lead time and variability.
Reducing handoffs - Minimizing the number of transitions and dependencies between different teams or individuals, to avoid communication gaps, context switching, and rework.
Implementing Work in Process (WIP) visualization - Making the work and its status visible to all stakeholders, using tools such as Kanban boards, Cumulative Flow Diagrams (CFDs), and Value Stream Maps (VSMs), to enable collaboration, coordination, and improvement.
Implementing Work in Process (WIP) feedback - Establishing fast and frequent feedback loops within and across the value stream, using tools such as automated testing, monitoring, and metrics, to detect and resolve issues, validate assumptions, and learn from outcomes3
NEW QUESTION # 36
A canary release involves making a Solution available to whom?
- A. Users conducting User Acceptance Testing
- B. Any subset of users
- C. Internal users only
- D. External users only
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
According to the SAFe DevOps Practitioner 6.0 study guide1, a canary release is a type of release on demand that involves making a Solution available to any subset of users, such as a specific team, product, or region. A canary release allows the DevOps teams to test the Solution in a controlled environment and monitor its performance and feedback before rolling it out to the entire customer base. A canary release can help reduce the risk of introducing errors or failures into production and improve the quality and reliability of the Solution.
NEW QUESTION # 37
Weighted shortest job first is applied to backlogs to identify what?
Choose the correct option from below list
- A. Maximum economic value
- B. Proxy for job size
- C. User business value
- D. Epics, Features, and Capabilities
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Weighted Shortest Job First (WSJF) is a prioritization model used to sequence work for maximum economic benefit. In SAFe, WSJF is estimated as the relative cost of delay divided by the relative job duration. In a flow-based system, priorities must be continuously updated to provide the best economic outcomes. In other words, job sequencing produces the best results rather than prioritization based on a theoretical return on investment for each job. To that end, SAFe applies WSJF to prioritize backlogs. Backlogs are continuously prioritized based on a WSJF algorithm that uses relative user and business value, time criticality, risk reduction and/or opportunity enablement, and job size. WSJF also conveniently and automatically ignores sunk costs, a fundamental principle of Lean economics
NEW QUESTION # 38
Where do features go after Continuous Exploration?
- A. Into Continuous Development, where they are implemented in small batches
- B. Into the Portfolio Backlog, where they are then prioritized
- C. Into Continuous Integration, where they are then split into Stories
- D. Into Continuous Integration, where they are deployed with feature toggles
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
In the Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe), after features are defined and designed during Continuous Exploration, they move into Continuous Integration. Here, they are further broken down into smaller, implementable parts known as user stories. These stories are then developed, tested, and integrated into the existing codebase. This process ensures that new features are developed in a systematic and efficient manner, with regular integration and testing to maintain quality and readiness for release.
NEW QUESTION # 39
How frequently should Agile Release Trains release?
Choose the correct option from below list
- A. On demand
- B. One per PI
- C. Continuously
- D. Once per iteration
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Agile Release Trains (ARTs) should release on demand, which means releasing new functionality immediately or incrementally based on business and customer needs. Release on demand is the final aspect of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline (CDP) in SAFe DevOps, which enables the delivery of value to the end user as fast as possible, based on market demand. The decision of what and when to release is a critical economic driver that requires careful consideration of the customer needs, market rhythms, and economic outcomes. Release on demand is decoupled from the Continuous Deployment activity, which automates the migration of new functionality from a staging environment to production, where it is made available for release
NEW QUESTION # 40
After the team maps the steps of the current state Value Stream during value stream mapping, what are the next two steps? (Choose two.) Choose the correct option from below list
- A. Identify who is involved in each step
- B. Create a future state value stream map
- C. Calculate the Activity Ratio
- D. Measure the performance at each step
- E. Perform a SWOT analysis
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
After the team maps the steps of the current state value stream during value stream mapping, the next two steps are to measure the performance at each step and calculate the activity ratio. Measuring the performance at each step involves collecting data on cycle time, lead time, process time, wait time, defect rate, and other relevant metrics. This helps to identify the sources of waste, delays, and inefficiencies in the value stream.
Calculating the activity ratio involves dividing the total process time by the total lead time and multiplying by
100. This gives the percentage of time that is spent on value-adding activities versus non-value-adding activities. The activity ratio helps to quantify the flow and identify opportunities for improvement
NEW QUESTION # 41
What is the main goal of a SAFe DevOps transformation?
Choose the correct option from below list
- A. To implement an advanced tool chain to automate the entire Continuous Delivery Pipeline
- B. To create a strong DevOps team with leadership support
- C. To align people across the Value Stream to deliver value continuously
- D. To create immutable infrastructure to avoid changes to the production environment
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The main goal of a SAFe DevOps transformation is to align people across the Value Stream to deliver value continuously. A Value Stream is the primary construct for understanding, organizing, and delivering value to the customer. A SAFe DevOps transformation involves applying the CALMR approach (Culture, Automation, Lean flow, Measurement, and Recovery) to the four aspects of the CDP (Continuous Exploration, Continuous Integration, Continuous Deployment, and Release on Demand). By doing so, the organization can achieve the following benefits: faster time-to-market, higher quality, lower costs, better customer satisfaction, and improved employee engagement5
NEW QUESTION # 42
What are two parts of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline? (Choose two.)
Choose the correct option from below list
- A. Continuous Experimentation
- B. Continuous Exploration
- C. Continuous Integration
- D. Continuous Security
- E. Continuous Delivery
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Explanation
The Continuous Delivery Pipeline (CDP) is a key element of the Agile Product Delivery competency in SAFe.
It represents the workflows, activities, and automation needed to guide new functionality from ideation to an on-demand release of value. The CDP consists of four aspects: Continuous Exploration (CE), Continuous Integration (CI), Continuous Deployment (CD), and Release on Demand. CE focuses on creating alignment on what needs to be built, using design thinking and hypothesis-driven development. CI focuses on building quality into the solution, using practices such as test automation, code analysis, and continuous feedback
NEW QUESTION # 43
Which technical practice is key to enabling trunk-based development?
- A. Feature branching
- B. Gated commits
- C. Code freezes
- D. Refactoring
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Gated commits are a key technical practice that enables trunk-based development. Gated commits are a mechanism that ensures that only code that passes certain quality checks and tests can be committed to the main trunk of the shared codebase. Gated commits prevent broken changes from affecting other developers or the Continuous Delivery Pipeline. Gated commits typically involve the following steps:
A developer writes code and runs local tests on their own machine or branch.
The developer pushes the code to a remote repository, where a pre-commit hook triggers a build and test process on a separate server.
The build and test process verifies that the code meets the quality standards and does not introduce any errors or conflicts with the existing code on the trunk.
If the build and test process succeeds, the code is automatically merged into the trunk and becomes available for other developers and downstream activities.
If the build and test process fails, the code is rejected and the developer is notified of the issues that need to be fixed before retrying the commit.
Gated commits support trunk-based development by ensuring that the trunk is always in a releasable state, which means that at least once a day, developers must integrate their changes to the trunk. This is accomplished through short-lived feature branches related to project tasks. Gated commits reduce the complexity and conflicts of merging long-lived branches, improve the quality and consistency of the code by enforcing frequent testing and validation, accelerate the delivery and deployment of new functionality by minimizing the transaction cost and risk, and foster a culture of collaboration and transparency among developers
NEW QUESTION # 44
Scanning application code for security vulnerabilities is an important step in which aspect of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline?
- A. Continuous Exploration
- B. Continuous Integration
- C. Continuous Deployment
- D. Release on Demand
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
According to the SAFe DevOps Practitioner 6.0 study guide1, scanning application code for security vulnerabilities is an important step in the Continuous Integration aspect of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline.
Continuous Integration is the process of developing, testing, integrating, and validating new functionality in preparation for deployment and release. Continuous Integration helps teams to improve quality, reduce risk, and establish a fast, reliable, and sustainable development pace. Scanning application code for security vulnerabilities is one of the ways to ensure that the code meets the quality standards and requirements, and that it does not contain any errors, bugs, or vulnerabilities that could compromise the security or functionality of the Solution. Scanning application code for security vulnerabilities can be performed by using tools such as GitHub Advanced Security for Azure DevOps2, which uses CodeQL to identify vulnerabilities in various languages and frameworks. Therefore, scanning application code for security vulnerabilities is an important step in the Continuous Integration aspect of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline.
NEW QUESTION # 45
When should teams use root cause analysis to address impediments to continuous delivery?
- A. During Inspect & Adapt (I&A)
- B. During the management review and problem-solving portion of PI Planning
- C. During the Iteration Retrospective
- D. During Iteration Planning
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
According to the SAFe DevOps Practitioner 6.0 study guide1, root cause analysis is a technique that helps identify and eliminate the underlying causes of problems or defects in the Solution. Root cause analysis can be used to address impediments to continuous delivery by finding and fixing the root causes of issues such as delays, rework, waste, and errors. Root cause analysis can be performed during various phases of the PI, such as during the Iteration Retrospective, during the management review and problem-solving portion of PI Planning, or during Inspect & Adapt (I&A). However, the most effective time to use root cause analysis is during I&A, which is a significant event held at the end of each PI, where the current state of the Solution is demonstrated and evaluated. Teams then reflect and identify improvement backlog items via a structured problem-solving workshop. The result is a set of improvement backlog items that go into the ART Backlog for the next PI Planning event. Therefore, root cause analysis can help teams address impediments to continuous delivery by improving their performance and quality in the next PI.
NEW QUESTION # 46
What is trunk-based development?
- A. Each developer maintains a separate branch
- B. Teams with similar dependencies create one single branch for the team's work
- C. Every team works in their own trunk
- D. All teams committing their code into one trunk
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Trunk-based development is a version control management practice where all developers work on the same trunk of shared code. The trunk is always in a releasable state, which means that at least once a day, developers must integrate their changes to the trunk. This is accomplished through short-lived feature branches related to project tasks. Trunk-based development is a common practice among DevOps teams and part of the DevOps lifecycle since it streamlines merging and integration phases. It also enables continuous integration, which is the practice of merging all development versions of a code base several times a day. Trunk-based development has several benefits, such as:
It reduces the complexity and conflicts of merging long-lived branches
It improves the quality and consistency of the code by enforcing frequent testing and validation It accelerates the delivery and deployment of new functionality by minimizing the transaction cost and risk It fosters a culture of collaboration and transparency among developers
NEW QUESTION # 47
Which practice prevents configuration drift between production and non-production environments?
- A. Immutable infrastructure
- B. Deployment automation
- C. Self-service deployment
- D. Session replay
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
One practice that prevents configuration drift between production and non-production environments is immutable infrastructure. Immutable infrastructure is a management approach for infrastructure resources where changes are made by deploying new versions of resources instead of modifying existing ones. In this approach, the infrastructure is treated as an immutable asset that is built, deployed, and disposed of, rather than modified in place. For example, instead of modifying an existing virtual machine (VM), a new VM with updated configurations and software is deployed, and the old VM is disposed of. This approach eliminates the possibility of configuration drift and reduces the risk of introducing unintended changes to the infrastructure. Immutable infrastructure also simplifies the management of infrastructure resources, increases the reliability and security of the infrastructure, and facilitates rapid and consistent deployment
NEW QUESTION # 48
What is a consequence of working in isolation on long-lived code branches?
- A. End-to-end tests will fail
- B. Rollbacks will be difficult
- C. Trunk/main will not always be in a deployable state
- D. Deployments will fail
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
According to the SAFe DevOps Practitioner 6.0 study guide and handbook, working in isolation on long-lived code branches can have negative consequences for the Continuous Delivery Pipeline. This includes making the trunk/main branch less stable and more prone to conflicts and errors. The handbook states that "Working in isolation on long-lived code branches can make the trunk/main branch less stable and more prone to conflicts and errors."1 Therefore, it is recommended to use short-lived feature branches and merge them frequently into the trunk/main branch.
NEW QUESTION # 49
The Continuous Exploration aspect primarily supports which key stakeholder objective?
- A. Business value
- B. Research and development
- C. Hypothesize
- D. Alignment
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The Continuous Exploration aspect in SAFe primarily supports the key stakeholder objective of aligning business and technology. This phase focuses on exploring market needs and defining solutions that deliver the most significant customer and business value within the constraints of technology and feasibility. It helps ensure that the development efforts are in sync with business goals and market demands, thereby fostering alignment between various stakeholders..
NEW QUESTION # 50
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